quantum-dot Cellular Automata (QCA) is a new technology for eliminating some of the problems of existing technologies such as CMOS. Some of the key advantages of QCA are an intersection of wires in the same plane, high speed, small area, power consumption, complexity and low cost. Employing a three-input majority gate, a five-input majority gate and three logic gates, this study presents a full-adder circuit in a single layer which for higher efficiency and avoiding much complexity and based on the function of the intended full-adder circuit, the five-input gate is proposed. The proposed full-adder circuit and the proposed ripple adder circuit are compared with previous designs regarding complexity, number of cells, and area and the results are reported. Moreover, proposed circuits’ power consumption has been calculated by using QCApro. These results indicate that the proposed full adder design in comparison with previous similar design achieved 36%, 20% and 4.4% reduction in the number of cells, latency and power consumption, respectively.

Currently, carbon quantum dots have attracted considerable attention due to their unique properties and desirable advantages. High crystallinity, water solubility, good dispersibility, small size, low toxicity, inexpensive raw materials, high chemical stability, environmental compatibility, low cost, stability under light, desirable charge transfer with advanced electronic conductivity, as well as specific thermal and mechanical properties are some of these features. Carbon quantum dots have various applications in different fields. Fabrication of precise chemical and biological sensors, bioimaging, solar cells, drug tracking, nanomedicine, light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and electrocatalysts are some of these applications. Biological sensors based on carbon quantum dots are capable of detecting various metal ions, acids, proteins, biotin, polypeptides, DNA and miRNA, water pollutants, hematin, drugs, vitamins, and other chemicals. In the present study, the properties of carbon quantum dots and some of their fabrication and applications methods have been addressed. In continuation of the paper, the effect of carbon quantum dots on important factors in plants such as growth and development, photosynthesis, absorption and transportation of substances, resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses, as well as their application in agriculture has been investigated.

Railway superstructure availability is a clear precondition for presenting railway services. As public demands does not accept any interrupt in the planned railway services, superstructure failure prediction will be very important in maintenance. Among the superstructures’ elements, the track circuits with direct influence on track availability, has the most complex behavior to predict its failures. Recent literature has not provide any failure time estimation for general conditions of equipment specifications, maintenance and utilizations. Most of the research activity has been devoted to evaluating signaling system in a limited space of models for operational conditions. The basic predictive model is founded on the estimation of probability distribution and reliability functions over large number of real events with the validation of basic probability theorems on estimation and standard statistical test. Tehran railway station track circuits are selected as a general track circuit for the case study, to estimate its cumulative distribution function of failures by analyzing ten years’ experience of operation in past. The estimation is fitted on the Weibull distribution function to obtain the shape, scale and threshold parameters of the model. Experimental results indicates that at the error acceptance level of 5%, the track circuit with the mean time between failures as 2. 7 days, is foreseen to operate correctly for the next 1. 7, 7. 5 and 11 days after starting with the probability of 50%, 10% and 5%, respectively.

The traditional management skills of planning, organizing, directing and controlling are insufficient in the fast-pacing, constantly changing, and highly complex world of twenty-first- century organizations. The quantum age is upon us and no part of human life is unaffected by this change and its new realities. Its impact on management and leadership is just beginning to be defined. If leaders and their organizations are to thrive in the new era, a whole new mind-set and skill-set must emerge in managers. While a fall in the number of nursing leaders may be attributed to the current nursing shortage, studies have noted that there is also a significant deficiency in their number. We need nursing leaders to exert that influence and by nurturing both leadership as well as clinical skills, we can do it. In contrast, at the bedside, they rarely find the opportunity to apply even basic leadership principles.Based on quantum approach to management, managers need to have a new perspective to man, processes and things. Also, this model considers the connection between things, man and elements much more important than the parts themselves. New challenges in leadership are avoiding centralization, maintaining flexibility, repeated designing and establishing structure to support culture and goals of followers. The new definition of system, therefore, is a set of rotary processes moving between order and chaos according to required needs. In quantum model for efficiency of leadership, seven skills, seven traits and seven principles are referred. This paper explains effective factors in quantum leadership and quantum organization.

quantum computing is a new method of information processing that is based on the concepts of quantum mechanics and leads to strange and powerful events in the quantum field. The logic synthesis of quantum circuits refers to the process of converting a given quantum gate into a set of gates that can be implemented in quantum technologies. The most famous logic synthesis methods are CSD and QSD. The main goal of this study is to present a multi-objective logical synthesis method combining the above two methods in the quantum circuit model with the aim of optimizing the evaluation criteria. In this proposed method, the solution space is created from different combinations of CSD and QSD decomposition methods. The created solution space is a space with a very large exponential size. Then, using a bottom-up approach of multi-objective dynamic programming, a method is presented to search only a part of the entire solution space to find circuits with the optimal Pareto costs. The obtained results show that this method creates a balance between the evaluation criteria and produces many optimal Pareto solutions that can be selected according to different quantum technologies.

The focus of this study is on developing a framework for a quantum Algorithm Processing Unit (QAPU) with the hybrid architecture for classical-quantum algorithms. The framework is used to increase the implementation performance of quantum algorithms and design quantum Processing Units (QPU). The framework shows a general plan for the architecture of quantum processors who is capable of run the quantum algorithms. In particular, the QAPU can be used as a quantum node to design a quantum multicomputer. At first, the hybrid architecture is designed for the quantum algorithms. Then, the relationship between the classical and the quantum part of hybrid algorithms is extracted, and main stages of the hybrid algorithm are developed. Next, the framework of the QAPU is designed.Furthermore, the framework is implemented and simulated for the existing quantum algorithms on a classic computer.It is shown that the framework is appropriate for quantum algorithms.